Ankle arthrosis most commonly occurs after a major traumatic ankle injury. A pilon fracture may cause arthrosis of the tibiotalar (ankle) joint; a depressed calcaneal fracture can cause subtalar arthritis. Arthrosis is also seen after less severe injuries, especially if those injuries cause malalignment. Unlike the knee and hip, the ankle joint is a relatively uncommon site for the development of primary osteoarthritis. Arthrosis of the ankle is also treated with methods that would not be used in the knee or hip, as loss of motion to limit pain is better tolerated in the ankle and hindfoot. Thus, bracing and (in more extreme cases) surgical fusion is a commonly used method of treatment though surgical methods to restore small cartilage defects or to preserve motion through joint replacement are also used.
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