Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a condition that causes pain in the foot due to traction and compression of the tibial nerve within the tarsal tunnel. The tarsal tunnel is located in the ankle behind the medial malleolus, superficial to the bones (calcaneus and talus) and covered by the flexor retinaculum. When the posterior tibial nerve is irritated presenting symptoms include pain, numbness and paresthesias. Tarsal tunnel syndrome can be caused by space occupying lesions (such as a ganglion cyst); more commonly it is caused by deformities of the foot and ankle that stretch the nerve and decrease the volume of the tarsal tunnel.
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