The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) connect the femur to the tibia and stabilize the knee joint, primarily in the sagittal plane (i.e., resisting anterior and posterior displacement, respectively). Of the two, it is the anterior cruciate ligament that is more frequently injured, either in isolation or with associated injuries to the meniscus, articular cartilage or collateral ligaments. Tears of the ACL typically occur when a person abruptly changes direction or decelerates with the foot planted. The less common PCL injury usually occurs when the tibia is forced poseriorly when the knee is flexed. The classic mechanism is an automobile accident in which the flexed knee strikes the dashboard after collision. The anterior cruciate ligament has very little healing potential, whereas the posterior cruciate ligament can occasionally repair itself.
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