Muscular Dystrophy is a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by the production of abnormal muscle proteins leading to progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. There are various types of Muscular Dystrophy and the severity of symptoms, location, and age of occurrence vary between the various types. The most common form of muscular dystrophy is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy primarily affects boys and is caused by the absence of dystrophin, a protein involved in maintaining skeletal muscle. Onset is at approximately 3 years of age and is progressive: the initial presentation is lower limb muscle weakness and gait impairment but eventually, there is loss of muscle strength in the upper limbs and impairment of the diaphragm and heart leading to cardiopulmonary failure.
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