The elbow joint is stabilized by the ulnar (medial) collateral ligament, the lateral collateral ligament, and the annular ligament. The ligaments provide valgus and varus stability, and allow for rotation, respectively. Additional static stability is provided by the capsule. Each of these ligaments can be injured by elbow trauma or overuse. Injuries of the ulnar collateral ligament are prevalent in overhead throwing athletes due to the high stresses on the elbow as the arm accelerates. Injuries to the lateral collateral ligament are often the result of acute high energy trauma (such as an elbow dislocation). Injuries to the annular ligament are rare, but in children under the age of 5, a sharp tug on the arm may allow the annular ligament to slide over the head of the radius and get caught in the elbow joint, a condition known as “Nursemaid’s Elbow”.
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