This advice doesn't really apply to anyone applying this year, but for future applicants: I too decided late in the game that I wanted to do ortho (second semester M3 year). I was fortunate to be involved in a case report worthy general surgery case that I wrote up early in my M3 year. This is the only accepted publication I have on my application. However, this has come up in only 1 of 8 interviews (and 3 of these interviews have been at "top notch" programs).
When I decided in february I was going to do ortho, I started bugging all the ortho residents at my program about doing research. i got on 3 projects, but 2 fell completely apart. 1 was submitted to the AAOS meeting and listed as "submitted" on my ERAS application. This is the ONLY ortho project listed on my ERAS application. This HAS come up in 6 or 7 out of 8 interviews.
so coming into my fourth year, research was the only weakness of my application. I decided to rotate at a "name" institution for 3 reasons: to get involved in more research, to get a letter from someone huge, and most importantly, to get my foot into the door at the place. a few weeks before my rotation, I contacted 2-3 attendings there. you have to be very persistent as only one got back to me. My persistence definitely payed off, I met with this attending during my first week of the rotation and was given two projects. One turned into a case report (that he wrote about in my letter) and the other is more of a long term project that I did the initial leg work for (this was also put in my letter).
So if you have the numbers to get into a "name" institution, but lack research, rotate there and get involved in research. contact the program before you get there as the attending already had these two projects in mind for me before I met with him.
so all my ortho research was done after midway through M3 year and this has given me enough to get interviews at >10 name places (HSS, Pitt, Harvard, UCLA, Wash U, Univ Wash, UPenn, etc).
I am not trying to brag or anything (so please don't slam me). I just want to show to future applicants that if you have the numbers, it is very possible to make due late in the game if you are aggressive and seek out ANY POSSIBLE ortho research experience. You MUST be persistant though, as only 1 of 3 projects at my home school came to fruition and only 1 of 2 projects at the "name" program came to fruition. take on all you can handle. if you really want to get into a "top" program, ortho research is probably very important. also, I wrote in my personal statement that I was looking for a program with "numerous research opportunities" just to emphasize that I was very willing to get involved in research.
And if you can't get involved in ortho research, write up some non-ortho case reports to at least have something on ERAS as accepted or "submitted". Then you can say in your interviews, "well, my home program doesn't have much research opportunities so I sought out any research in other areas for experience and to learn how to write scientific manuscripts." This is my answer when people ask why I wrote up a general surgery case repot and it seems to have gone over well. further, you could even address this in your personal statement, just don't send that version to your home program.