Ah, the "research v. prelim year" debate begins again.
Unfortunately, there is no "correct" answer, and your decision should be made on where you think you went wrong. If you have a strong application and just didn't apply to enough places or didn't interview well, then a PGY-1 year makes sense. If you have no research and didn't have many people to make a phone call, then research is more likely to help. Either way, both require alot of hard work.
If you do the research route, it doesn't make sense to do a 1 year fellowship. By the time you have to ERAS submitted (sep 1) you've only had 2-3 months to start your research. How much can you possibly add in that time??? However, 2 years of PRODUCTIVE research can be a nice boost to your CV.
I didn't match last year and I chose the pgy-1 route. I applied to more programs and got more interviews from "top-tiered" programs. You can't reapply with the same application. SOMETHING (letters of rec, research) has to change. You can do research in the spring of your senior year if you don't match at your home program...probably wouldn't hurt. Having said all that, you have to be 100% pedal to the metal once you start your intern year, and you have to be one of the best interns...not just of the prelim class. Either route you choose, you only have a few months to get letters of recommendation. On my off days, I took ortho call. I know it sounds crazy, but I got a lot of face time with the chairman and other residents, who ended up talking to the chairman on my behalf. All that time spent in the ER rather than taking a day off showed up in my letter of rec.
I was lucky enough to secure a pgy-2 spot for the upcoming year so I only had to interview at 2 programs before canceling the others.
If you want orthopedic surgery bad enough, it will happen. I promise. There are TONS of current ortho residents who didn't match coming out of medical school. Ortho is awesome..everyone wants to do it.
Last advice. IF you choose a prelim year, you have to apply EVERYWHERE in order get those interviews for PGY-2 openings. Most (if not all) programs don't make it public knowledge that they are interviewing for an open pgy-2 spot so you have to apply there for a pgy-1 spot so they have your application. I was offered 5 interviews for PGY-2 spots and only 1 was mentioned on orthogate.
I don't really have an opinion on the delaying graduation topic. I guess when you reapply your application won't have "intern" on it, so it'll make it past some of the filters.
If you have any questions about the process, please PM me. Good luck everyone.