A paper presented at the AOSSM annual meeting examines risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries among professional baseball pitchers. The researchers reviewed data on 132 pitcher-seasons played from 2010 to 2015, and found that 25 shoulder and 28 elbow injuries occurred during the study period. 

The most significant categorical risk factors associated with increased elbow injury rates included presence of a shoulder external rotation (ER) deficit >5° and shoulder flexion deficit >5°. For continuous variables, the most important factors included increasing shoulder ER deficit, decreased shoulder flexion increased internal rotation deficit, weight, and decreased shoulder ER. Learn more...