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New data could help policy makers boost cycling as sustainable transport.

It's time for us to get on our bikes if we want cycling to make an impact as a sustainable mode of transport. New research published in the Journal of Transport & Health shows that the proportion of households that own bikes has declined globally, with the average over 148 countries falling by half in the last few decades.

The authors of the study, from Johns Hopkins University in the US, say their analysis could give policy makers good examples from where ownership is highest, helping them boost cycling as a sustainable mode of transport.

Regardless of gender, young adults who have greater aerobic fitness also have greater volume of their entorhinal cortex, an area of the brain responsible for memory. Better aerobic fitness however does not appear to impact hippocampal volume, another area in the brain responsible for memory.

While aerobic fitness is not directly associated with performance on a recognition memory task, the participants with a larger entorhinal cortex also performed better on the recognition memory task. These findings by Boston University School of medicine (BUSM) researchers appear in the journal NeuroImage.

The entorhinal cortex is a brain area known to show early pathology in Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by profound memory impairment.

Bone Cancer Primary bone cancer called Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare cancer most often affecting adolescents and children. While most bone cancers have their origin in other body tissues and spread to the bones through metastases, OS originates in the bone tissue. Common for all, is that they degrade the bones and are associated with high mortality.

At the Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet and BRIC, University of Copenhagen a research group lead by Dr. Niels Behrendt and Dr. Lars Engelholm now shows that OS cells degrade the bone tissue through a completely different process than metastasised bone cancer.

New review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms, evaluation and management of bone fragility in type 1 diabetes; calls for regular evaluation of fracture risk as well as more research into the role of osteoporosis drugs in diabetic patients.

Despite an up to six-fold increased risk of broken bones in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis has, until recently, suffered from a general lack of attention and research. As a result, health professionals who treat diabetic patients often do not recognize that fragility fractures are a major complication of the disease.

Most children and adolescents with herniated disks in the lower (lumbar) spine have some sort of malformation of the spinal vertebrae, reports a study in the December issue of Neurosurgery, official journal of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, published by Wolters Kluwer.

The study by Dr. Zhongjun Liu and colleagues of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China, helps in understanding how children and teens develop lumbar disk herniation (LDH)--without the "wear and tear" that causes herniated disks in older patients. The results also suggest that surgery on the disk alone, without spinal fusion, is likely to be effective in young patients with low back pain from herniated disks.

Childbirth is arguably the most traumatic event the human body can undergo, and new imaging techniques show that up to 15 percent of women sustain pelvic injuries that don't heal.

Researchers from the University of Michigan reasoned that using MRI to diagnose childbirth injuries--a technique usually reserved for sports medicine--makes sense because childbirth is as traumatic as many endurance sports.

"If an athlete sustained a similar injury in the field, she'd be in an MRI machine in an instant," said Janis Miller, associate professor at the U-M School of Nursing. "We have this thing where we tell women, 'Well, you're six weeks postpartum and now we don't need to see you--you'll be fine.

Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) have higher odds for chronic health conditions such as asthma, hypertension and arthritis compared with adults without CP, according to a study in the December 1 issue of JAMA.

Adults with CP represent an increasing population whose health status and health care needs are poorly understood. Mortality records reveal that death due to ischemic heart disease and cancer is higher among adults with CP; however, there have been no national surveillance efforts to track disease risk in this population.

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association study finds periarticular injections reduce postoperative hospital stay, number of inpatient physical therapy sessions.

A new study published today in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association compared outcomes from two types of postoperative pain control methods in a group of patients who had both of their knees replaced.

The retrospective study reviewed records of 16 patients who underwent bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in which a femoral nerve block was administered at the first operation and a periarticular injection of extended-release bupivacaine liposome mixture was used after the second operation.