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Training only accounts for 18 percent of differences in performance between athletes, researchers report.

Among elite athletes, the impact was even smaller. According to the study, practice only accounted for 1 percent of the differences in performances.

The researchers also found that the elite athletes did not tend to begin their sport at an earlier age than less-skilled athletes.

Researchers found that adults who were physically fit at the ages of 45-50 were much less likely to experience stroke in later life.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability and death in the United States.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), each year, more than 795,000 Americans have a stroke, and around 130,000 die as a result.

The hidden brain damage associated with explosives receives much-needed new research.

High explosives are responsible for around 60 percent of combat-related casualties.

An estimated 300,000 United States service personnel in Iraq or Afghanistan have received at least one traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to an explosive blast.

Blast-related injuries can cause a number of negative health outcomes.

Rheumatologists more likely to underestimate clinical status of their OA patients than their RA patients.

The results of a study presented at the European League Against Rheumatism Annual Congress (EULAR 2016) showed patients with osteoarthritis (OA) are more likely to have the impact of their condition underestimated by rheumatologists than patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

"This discordance between physician and patient perception of disease severity is important because of the negative impact it can have on shared decisions concerning the best choice of therapy," said lead author Dr Isabel Castrejón from the Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, United States.

Adults at risk for type 2 diabetes or heart disease or both can substantially increase their physical activity levels through participating in a lifestyle intervention program developed at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health for use in community-settings, such as senior centers or worksites.

Previous studies have demonstrated that such programs decrease weight and reduce diabetes risk, but this National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded evaluation is one of the first to document that these programs also result in significant increases in the participants' physical activity levels.

Engaging in short, explosive leg contractions is the most effective way of strengthening muscles, Loughborough research reveals.

The study, led by Dr Jonathan Folland, Reader in Human Performance and Neuromuscular Physiology at Loughborough University, is the first to directly compare short, explosive contractions lasting less than one second with sustained contractions lasting three seconds.

Strength training is widely regarded to be an effective way of boosting the physical performance and health of all individuals, from high performing athletes through to older people and those undergoing rehabilitation following injury or who are suffering from conditions such as osteoarthritis.

A significant proportion of lung cancer patients also have autoimmune disease, which may make them unsuitable for increasingly popular immunotherapy treatments, a team of researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center's Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center has found.

The UT Southwestern cancer researchers calculated that between 14 to 25 percent of lung cancer patients reviewed also had immune disease, and these individuals were more likely to be female and older, according to the findings reported in JAMA Oncology.

The results are significant because the use of immunotherapy for cancer treatment is expanding, and clinical trials of immunotherapy have routinely excluded patients with autoimmune disease, a population estimated to be between 20 to 50 million people in the U.S.

A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease has been linked to numerous deaths since 2000, partly because people have taken it daily rather than weekly, as prescribed, according to the authors of research published in the Medical Journal of Australia.

Dr Rose Cairns, of the NSW Poisons Information Centre, and colleagues say that changes can be made to avert such accidental overdoses.

Methotrexate is a synthetic folic acid analogue used for its ability to inhibit the growth and spread of tumours or malignant cells.